The Legality of Gym and Spa Contracts: Can They Legally Refuse a Refund if You Suffer an Injury?
Introduction Every year, millions of consumers sign long-term membership agreements with gyms, fitness centers, and luxury spas. To secure discounted rates, individuals frequently commit to upfront annual or multi-month plans. Hidden within the fine print of these standard-form agreements are boilerplate provisions explicitly stating that “all fees paid are strictly non-refundable under any circumstances” and […]
Is it legal for a multiplex or mall to charge more than the printed MRP for bottled water?
Abstract Can a multiplex or mall legally sell a Rs 20 MRP water bottle for Rs 95? The law says _no_ for plain retail sales. Under Rule 18(2) of the Legal Metrology (Packaged Commodities) Rules, 2011, no one can charge above the printed MRP. But the Supreme Court in _FHRAI v. Union of India, 2017_ […]
What is the legal recourse for a passenger if an airline loses or damages their checked-in baggage?
Abstract Air travel has made the world smaller, but baggage mishandling remains a common passenger grievance. This article studies the legal recourse available to passengers for lost, damaged, or delayed checked baggage under the Carriage by Air Act, 1972. The Act gives statutory force to the Montreal Convention 1999 in India, replacing the older Warsaw […]
Can Cooperative Housing Societies Refuse NOC for Sale of Flats? Legal Rights and Remedies
Abstract Nowadays, due to urbanisation and migration of people to different cities and states for employment, education has increased due to which the demand for flats and apartments has also increased because people cannot always buy land or build their own houses, thus they prefer flats and apartments. These flats are generally managed by […]
Understanding the Legal Framework for Claiming Refunds on Cancelled Train Tickets: An Analysis of IRCTC Rules and Consumer Protection Laws in India
Understanding the Legal Framework for Claiming Refunds on Cancelled Train Tickets: An Analysis of IRCTC Rules and Consumer Protection Laws in India Abstract Railways remain one of the most widely used modes of transportation in India. Every day, millions of passengers book tickets through the Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) platform and railway reservation […]
Empowering Homebuyers: The Impact of RERA on India’s Real Estate Sector
Abstract The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (hereinafter “RERA” or “the Act”) looks like one of the most radical, transformative legislative steps in Indian property law after Independence. Before it came along, homebuyers kinda suffered from chronic information imbalance, annoying project delays, arbitrary price jumps, and no real statutory mechanisms for redress. RERA […]
DO YOU HAVE TO PAY “SERVICE CHARGES” AT HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS?
DO YOU HAVE TO PAY “SERVICE CHARGES” AT HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS? Abstract: The practice of imposing service charges by hotels and restaurants has emerged as one of the most controversial issues in Indian consumer law. For several years, hospitality establishments routinely added service charges ranging between 5% and 10% of the total bill amount, often […]
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Liability Allocation Under Indian Law: Regulatory Challenges, Medical Negligence, and Data Protection Concerns
Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the healthcare sector in India. Hospitals, diagnostic centres, telemedicine platforms, and health technology companies increasingly use AI-based systems to assist in disease detection, medical imaging, treatment recommendations, patient monitoring, and healthcare administration. These technologies promise improved efficiency, reduced costs, and enhanced diagnostic accuracy. However, their growing role in […]
Can a housing society charge different maintenance rates based on the square footage of flats?
ABSTRACT: – Modernization and urbanization have led to increase in construction business as the demand in economy for such purposes has rapidly increased. Considering the construction of buildings, mainly covered-campus societies and the residence of civilians in these societies, the need to maintain such societies and to provide the buyers with best amenities becomes their […]
Legal Position Regarding Restrictions on Outside Food and Drinking Water in Cinema Halls in India
Introduction Many moviegoers have experienced a situation where they are not allowed to carry their personal water bottles into a cinema hall or multiplex. After purchasing a movie ticket, customers are often required to leave their water bottles outside or dispose of them at the security check. At the same time, bottled water and other […]