Verbal Contracts in India: Are They Legally Binding Under the Indian Contract Act, 1872?
I. Abstract When two people make a promise to each other by just talking — without writing anything on paper — can that promise be treated as a real contract in the eyes of the law? This is one of the most interesting and often misunderstood questions in Indian contract law. Many people believe that […]
How to file a defamation suit for social media posts in India
HOW TO FILE A DEFAMATION SUIT FOR SOCIAL MEDIA POSTS IN INDIA By Bertha Mashozhera Introduction Social media has transformed communication in modern society. Platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, X, and WhatsApp have enabled people to express opinions, share information, and interact instantly with audiences across the world. While these platforms promote freedom of speech […]
Legal Rules for “ International Commercial Arbitration “in India:The 2026 Framework.
Legal Rules for “International Commercial Arbitration” in India: The 2026 Framework Bertha Mashozhera Introduction International Commercial Arbitration (ICA) has become one of the most important methods of resolving cross-border commercial disputes in the modern global economy. With businesses increasingly engaging in international trade, investments, technology partnerships, and infrastructure projects, disputes involving parties from different countries […]
Employer Obligations for Full and Final Settlement Within 48 Hours: A Guide for Employees :
Introduction The relationship between an employer and employee does not end merely with resignation, retirement, termination, or retrenchment. Even after the cessation of employment, certain legal and financial obligations continue to bind the employer toward the employee. One of the most significant obligations among them is the payment of all pending dues through the process […]
From Idea to Incorporation: A Complete Guide to Starting a Private Limited Company in India
From Idea to Incorporation: A Complete Guide to Starting a Private Limited Company in India Introduction India is currently experiencing an entrepreneurial explosion like no other. What used to be a handful of startups is now a huge ecosystem with tens and hundreds of startups emerging almost on a daily basis. This startup revolution is […]
What is the 50% Wage Rule under New Labour Codes? How It Affects Your Take-Home Salary
Introduction If you are a salaried employee in India, you might have heard about the “50% wage rule” under the new labour codes. Many people are confused about what it actually means and how it will affect their salary. The biggest concern is simple:“Will my take-home salary reduce?”. […]
How to Report ‘Insider Trading’ to SEBI
Abstract/Introduction Insider trading is one of the gravest offenses in the securities market, as the people who get access to the unpublished price-sensitive information (UPSI) trade the securities to gain personal interests. This is a way to sabotage market fairness, destroy investor confidence, and corrupt price discovery mechanisms, which are vital to a healthy capital […]
HOW TO APPLY FOR A SOLVENCY CERTIFICATE FOR BUSINESS PURPOSES? A COMPLETE GUIDE WITH CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS.
II. Abstract / Introduction A solvency certificate is an important financial document issued by a bank or a revenue authority that certifies the financial stability and credibility of an individual or a business entity. In simple terms, it proves that a person or company is capable of meeting its financial obligations. For businesses, especially in […]
WORK FROM HOME UNDER INDIAN LABOUR LAWS
What Are the Rules for “Work From Home” under Indian labour laws? Introduction Work From Home (WFH) has become a normal part of working life in India, especially after the COVID-19 Pandemic. Many companies now allow employees to work remotely either fully or in a hybrid model. But one question still comes up very […]
HOW TO LEGALLY CLOSE A ‘PARTNERSHIP FIRM’ IN INDIA?
Abstract: Liquidating a business usually proves to be more complicated than initiating a business. When it comes to partnership firms in India, which are governed by the Indian Partnership Act, 1932, dissolution is not just the choice of ceasing operations. It is a legal procedure that entails settling of debts, allocating of assets and important […]